Bosnia
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Around twenty years have passed since the end of the war in Bosnia Herzegovina and independence was declared from Yugoslavia. Peace here has a very high social and anthropological price.   The country consists of three clear ethnic groups; the Bosniaks, the Serbs and the Croats and although peace has been declared, formal disavowal of brotherhoods, and endorsement of nationalism emit vibrations of a conflict that is still spreading in some deep and invisible layer beneath the earth.   Maybe, for such a long-tormented people, genetically filled with pride and strong emotions, this uneasiness is just a part of their lives.  Normality has been declared and therefore, normality must prevail.  People surround themselves with the everyday sights and sounds to be found in any European city: shopping centers, film festivals, art exhibitions...... Normality is on everyone's lips. But, what is the true reality? My work explores the outward normality and the inward madness.  It digs into the acceptance of chaos: History is taught in three different versions in schools and winners and losers are mixed up. Bridges separate towns and their people.  The scars of the conflict are on both people and infrastructures. A chaotic, evanescent uneasiness seems to poison the future hopes of Bosnia-Herzegovina. Bosnia-Herzegovina by Massimo Mastrorillo Sarajevo, political rally. The prewar-born nationalist parties, SDA (Muslim), SNSD (Serbian) ans HDZ (Croatian) have been leading the country since the beginning of the war, playing and consequently increasing the “fear of others” witin the population. In the elections of last 3rd of October, Bosnians voted for change, putting their trust in the SDP (multiethnic party). Trebevic, East Sarajevo. House destroyed by the war. In the background, the city of Sarajevo. Trebevic was the bobsleigh centre during the 1984 Olympic games. From 1992 to 1995, it was one of the major positions for besieging artillery. Today, Trebevic mountain belongs to Republika Srpska. In 2008, Bosnian Serbs were prevented by the international community’s High Representative for Bosnia from building a huge Orthodox Cross to commemorate the Serbian people who died in the war. Vasic Stojan, Serbian, 59 years old, left Sarajevo during the war and arrived in Srebrenica, to find a new place to live. He now lives with his wife and other Serbian displaced people, with no health care or insurance coverage, inside an abandoned hotel. Jezevac Refugee camp, near Tuzla. A ethnically mixed couple. Helena is a Serbian Orthodox, born in Montenegro, her husband is a Bosnian Muslim. He left Srebrenica on the 11th of July, and walked to Tuzla, where he arrived two months later. He’s the only survivor, out of six men who left Srebrenica together. Novi Travnik, arms factory Bratsvo (Brotherhood in Bosnian) destroyed by Serbian air force in 1994. The factory never resumed its operations. A old Muslim man, who worked for an arms factory in Yugoslavia before the war, said, with a typical Bosnian sense of humour: ”If I had known they would have used it to kill us, I would not have worked so hard!” Romanian child in Sarajevo, begging for money. Romanian people and people of other nationalities, (except for, Serbian, Bosnian and Croatian) do not have voting rights in Bosnia under the current Constitution. Portrait of a woman during a rally from Kokuza Party. Kokuza is a Bosnian slang word which best translates into “Miserable and Poor people”. Spionica, Srebrenica refugee camp. The Annex VII of the Dayton Peace Accords grants the right of refugees and displaced persons to return to their pre-war places of origin. The Srebrenica genocide left mental scars on most of Srebrenica pre-war inhabitants who do not wish to return to their original homes. Dinastija is a small village in a very poor area close to Brcko. Bosnia’s economy is the least competitive in the Western Balkans. The official unemployment rate is over 40 per cent. Sakib Mujdanovic lived in this house in Ivici, the Muslim district, until the day he committed suicide with two hand granades. The percentage of suicides among former soldiers is increasing. The main reasons are unemployment, poverty and oblivion. On the set of a short movie, in Mostar. During the shooting, one of the parents of the actor-children yelled at the director to stop, as he didn’t like the idea of children playing war, and denied his permission to film. The pixelated face of the child is out of my respect for the parents’ wishes, and represents a typical denial of war-related issues. Potocari. July 2011. Almost 600 bodies inside the notorious green coffins arrived in the Potocari memorial centre for the 11th of July mass burial. After 16 years, most of Bosnian Serbs still do not recognise the genocide and the associated number of victims (8,372 missing people). July 2011. Petkovci, monument to the Serb victims of the war. During the war thousands of men were taken from Bratunac to a school in Petkovci. During 14 July and the early hours of 15 July 1995, the guards beat them up and fired at them with automatic weapons. In the evening of 14 July, troops from the Zvornik Brigade took the survivors from the school to a place close to the Petkovci dam. Once they had assembled them all below the dam, the soldiers machine-gunned them all to death. In the morning of 15 July 1995, members of the Zvornik Brigade’s engineer squadron began to bury the victims, using diggers and other heavy machinery.
Sase. 12 July 2011. The day after Srebrenica commemoration of genocide, Serbs remember their dead in the nearby mountain village of Sase. The Institution for the Protection of female children and adolescents is located in Okoliste on a hill above Visegrad. It was a former army base which was converted into an Institution which took care of several hundred mentally challenged children and women from the whole of Yugoslavia. In 1992, the Republika Srpska Army converted the Institution into a concentration camp for Bosniak civilians; according to witness accounts, Bosniak women were raped by Bosnian Serb soldiers in this Institution.